Abteilung Verfahrenstechnik

Unsere Forschungsgruppen beschäftigen sich aus der ingenieurtechnischen Perspektive mit Problemen der Abwasserreinigung und Trinkwasseraufbereitung sowie dem Schutz der Wasserressourcen. Unser langfristiges Ziel ist es, nachhaltige Konzepte für Wasser- und Nährstoffkreisläufe in Siedlungen zu entwickeln.

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Die alternative Methode zur Beurteilung der Reinigungsleistung von Kleinkläranlagen von Berghütten mittels Kalium als Tracer wird derzeit durch Messungen in der Chamanna Cluozza und weiteren Berghütten validiert (Foto: Adobe Stock).

12. Februar 2025 –

Die Bedingungen in Berghütten machen es oft schwierig und unverhältnismässig, die Vorgaben für die Abwasserreinigung zu erreichen. Ein neuer Ansatz zur Beurteilung der Reinigungsleistung könnte das ändern.

ETH-Rektor Günther Dissertori überreicht Valentin Faust den Otto-Jaag-Gewässerschutzpreis 2024 (Foto: ETH, Alessandro Della Bella).

18. November 2024 –

Für seine Dissertation wurde der Umweltingenieur Valentin Faust am ETH-Tag vom 16. November 2024 mit dem Otto-Jaag-Gewässerschutzpreis ausgezeichnet. Seine Arbeit liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Herstellung von Dünger aus...

Für seine Dissertation wurde der Umweltingenieur Valentin Faust am ETH-Tag vom 16. November 2024 mit dem Otto-Jaag-Gewässerschutzpreis ausgezeichnet. Seine Arbeit liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Herstellung von Dünger aus menschlichem Urin.

In einigen Nachbarländern der Schweiz dürfen seit 2023 Landwirtschaftsflächen mit gereinigtem, kommunalem Abwasser bewässert werden (Foto: Adobe Stock).

17. Oktober 2024 –

Mit dem Klimawandel nehmen heisse und trockene Sommer zu, in denen auch in der Schweiz regional das Wasser knapp wird. Die Wiederverwendung von gereinigtem Abwasser könnte zur Lösung dieses Problems beitragen. Das hat ein Team der...

Mit dem Klimawandel nehmen heisse und trockene Sommer zu, in denen auch in der Schweiz regional das Wasser knapp wird. Die Wiederverwendung von gereinigtem Abwasser könnte zur Lösung dieses Problems beitragen. Das hat ein Team der Eawag im Auftrag des BAFU und einiger Kantone gezeigt. Die Forschenden erläutern auch, was noch getan werden muss, damit aus der Option Realität wird.

Britschgi, L., Wei, S., Proesl, A., Morgenroth, E., & Derlon, N. (2025). The critical role of flocs in nitrification in full-scale aerobic granular sludge-based WWTP. Water Research, 274, 123021 (13 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.123021, Institutional Repository

Furrer, V., Froemelt, A., Singer, H., & Ort, C. (2025). Source-specific dynamics of organic micropollutants in combined sewer overflows. Water Research, 279, 123416 (9 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123416, Institutional Repository

Hu, Y., Morgenroth, E., & Jacquin, C. (2025). Online monitoring of greywater reuse system using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and K-PARAFACs. Water Research, 268, 122604 (13 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122604, Institutional Repository

A currently increasing interest in water reuse is met with the concern about water quality. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) measurements, which are widely implemented in laboratory analysis, emerge as a promising tool for characterizing both microbial and chemical water qualities in the online monitoring of water reuse systems. However, the robustness of EEM measurements has been rarely validated in actual online monitoring campaigns where predictions are made for new samples independent of those used to establish EEM analysis models, including the popular parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). In this study, two strategies of conducting PARAFAC were examined for the online monitoring of a greywater reuse system using two EEM datasets from two monitoring periods for model establishment and model testing respectively. With the first strategy that is commonly used in laboratory analyses, an entire EEM datasets from one period was used to establish one PARAFAC model, and the maximum fluorescence intensity (F_max) of a PARAFAC component was used to predict total cell count (TCC) in another period. However, under the disturbance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence in the background, F_max gave unreliable predictions in model testing. To address this problem, a second and novel strategy was proposed using an EEM clustering and PARAFAC component shift mining technique. This unsupervised algorithm, named K-PARAFACs, automatically groups EEMs into K clusters and on each cluster establishes a cluster-specific PARAFAC model with distinct component shapes. With this method, multiple PARAFAC models were established on one EEM dataset, with each model representing samples with certain TCC ranges and DOM compositions. In model testing, these cluster-specific PARAFAC models served as EEM classifiers. A new sample was not characterized by F_max but by the cluster-specific model that best fitted the EEM signal of the sample with the least numerical error. The proposed strategy demonstrates its robustness by successfully predicting the TCC trend in test datasets. Our findings suggest that K-PARAFACs is a promising tool that enables robust qualitative monitoring of water reuse systems with background DOM variability.

Kuehr, S., Kaegi, R., Raths, J., Sinnet, B., Kipf, M., Philipp, M., … Georgantzopoulou, A. (2025). Time-efficient approach for environmental transformation and bioavailability assessment of isotopically enriched nanoparticles to increase environmental relevance. Science of the Total Environment, 971, 178997 (8 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178997, Institutional Repository

The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) and their release into the environment requires an assessment of their fate and (eco-) toxicological effects. Previous studies have often focused on pristine NPs or NPs spiked into the effluent of simulated wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) fed with artificial wastewater, combined with unrealistic high exposure concentrations to overcome problems associated with high metal background concentrations. In this study environmentally transformed NPs were obtained by direct spiking into an anaerobic digester filled with municipal sewage sludge. Isotopically enriched ⁴⁶TiO₂ and ⁶⁸ZnONPs were synthesized and used in the study to allow tracing of their fate in WWTP matrices at environmentally relevant concentrations, despite the high Zn and Ti background levels. NP-spiked sludge was used to create exposure media for uptake studies with the benthic amphipod Hyalella azteca under freshwater and brackish conditions. The results show that while ⁶⁸ZnONPs nearly achieved the target concentration (90 versus 100 mg ⁶⁸Zn/kg) in the spiked sludge, the ⁴⁶TiO₂NPs reached only 33 % of the target concentration (100 mg ⁴⁶Ti /kg), despite the good homogeneity of the ⁴⁶Ti distribution in the spiked sludge. The latter discrepancy most likely reflects aggregation and subsequent sedimentation of the ⁴⁶TiO₂NPs in the digester unit. Exposure of H. azteca to transformed ⁶⁸ZnONPs at concentrations between 3.5 and 9.7 μg ⁶⁸Zn/L led to significant ⁶⁸Zn accumulation in tissues. Our results show that the transformation processes led to an up to 12 times reduced uptake of ⁶⁸Zn from the transformed as compared to the pristine ⁶⁸ZnONPs, and this effect was more pronounced at freshwater exposure conditions. The new method of spiking an anaerobic sludge digestion unit balances environmental relevance, costs, time-efficiency and NPs losses (compared to spiking complete WWTP pilot systems or laboratory models) but requires optimization for NPs prone to aggregation such as TiO₂NPs.

24.06.2025,

9:00 Uhr

Lausanne

Elimination poussée de l'azote des eaux usées municipales

Cours d’approfondissement PEAK-VSA V60/25

04.12.2025,

9:00 Uhr

Eawag Dübendorf

Emissionen von Reifenpartikeln und Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt

PEAK-Basiskurs B36/25

Ist ein Raumfahrtforschungs- programm, das die Entwicklung eines bioregenerativen Lebenserhaltungssystems für langfristige Raumfahrtmissionen und Weltraumwohnungen zum Beispiel auf dem Mars zum Ziel hat